Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), also known as high-throughput sequencing technology, allows for the simultaneous sequencing of hundreds of thousands to millions of nucleic acid molecules, compared to traditional sequencing methods. This capability not only aids in species genome sequencing but also provides extensive information for understanding cancer genomes, thus supporting cancer research and clinical applications. NGS enables the comprehensive, accurate, and rapid scanning of gene mutations in cancer cells. By comparing these mutations with databases and analyzing big data, it helps identify the most suitable treatment options or medications for patients.
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Tumor Genetic Testing
A tumor is a pathological condition caused by cellular disorders that arise from genetic mutations. As normal cells transform into malignant ones, genetic mutations trigger abnormal protein expression, leading to the gradual development of distinct tumor characteristics that ultimately result in cancer.
Precision medicine involves targeting biomarkers related to tumor characteristics. Through next-generation testing methods, it comprehensively understands the heterogeneity of tumors and tailors the most appropriate treatment strategies based on individual patient differences. It is also known as 'personalized medicine'.
As the name suggests, tumor genetic testing involves analyzing the genes of cancer cells. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, it scans for gene mutations in cancer cells in a single, accurate, and rapid process. By comparing these mutations with databases and analyzing big data, it identifies the most suitable treatment options or medications for the patient.
Tumor genetic testing provides comprehensive information on cancer mutations to physicians. With this information, doctors can develop a more tailored treatment plan for patients, help select the most appropriate medications, and optimize treatment outcomes, thus maximizing the chances during the crucial window for cancer treatment.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique developed by combining expertise from three different fields: immunology, histology, and chemistry. It utilizes the specific binding between antigens and antibodies in immune reactions on tissue sections, cell smears, or cultured specimens, with detectable signals presented on the antibodies to observe the presence of target antigens in the specimen. This method offers excellent specificity and sensitivity. IHC has become a crucial tool in clinical medicine. Doctors use IHC to diagnose whether a cancer is benign or malignant, determine the staging and grading of tumors, and identify the type and origin of metastatic cells to locate the primary tumor site. IHC is also used in drug development by detecting disease targets that are either upregulated or downregulated to test the efficacy of drugs.